Myanmar has substantial water resources; however, the resources are spatially and temporally unevenly distributed. Therefore, water‐related problems caused by different seasonal climate patterns vary depending on the geographic location. ‘Water resource management’ has been targeted as the main sector of concern for climate change adaptation in Myanmar. It was selected as the second priority level sector in the National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA).
Cambodia has limited access to high water quality and hygiene. Although there has been an improvement in urban areas, most rural areas still have difficulties in water and sanitation access. Sufficient supply of safe water (including drink water) is crucial for rural people and would enable them to adapt to climate change, particularly in the prolonged drought situation that have occurred in Cambodia.
In 2014, the energy sector contributed 53.4% of total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Viet Nam. The energy sector in general and power generation in particular plays an important role for achieving the target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions under the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC).
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Cambodia is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Although the Government has tried the utmost effort to install and contract electricity line rural areas, there is still no still access to the national grid. To meet the objectives of the Government to access to electricity consumption, off-grid (solar, battery, kerosene lamp) has been introduced, especially in the remote areas.
Currently, there exist 20 coal-fired power plants in operation with a total capacity of nearly 14,500 MW, which generate about 15.7 million tons of coal slag per year, of which coal ash accounts for 75%. It is predicted that by the year 2020, there will be 43 factories, which will generate more than 30 million tons of coal slag per year. At present, there are no suitable solutions for this huge amount of slag.
The Government of Jakarta has adopted the strategy of introducing the electric vehicle technology in public and government vehicles as a means to kick start the market, creation of supportive infrastructure, and stimulate local manufacturing of components and vehicles.
